CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
People nowadays use alugbati nightshade leaves for cooking and threw away the stems. Instead of throwing the stems, the researcher investigate a product from utilizing Basella rubra(alugbati) stems that would be a great help to industry. Utilizing the stems of Basella rubra is also practical and economical for the users.
This kind of plant is abundant even found in backyards here in our country. It has spread throughout the tropical countries and one of the best tropical spinach widely adapted to a variety of soils and climates. Malabar n. has thicker tender stems. It is a good source of vitamins A, C and iron.
The researcher decided to make Alugbati stems as a skin moisturizer because it possesses that commercial moisturizers have like: emollients. This helps the skin to be moisturized and soften.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
1. This study aims to produce and attempts to discover the use of alugbati stems as a substitute for commercial skin moisturizer.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
* To utilize alugbati stem into skin moisturizer.
*To produce a product that is less expensive and acceptable by the market.
3. *The effect of the product to the population of the people who has skin problems.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
This study is significant especially to the person that has a problem on the dryness of the skin because they don’t have to buy an expensive skin moisturizer because there’s already a substitute to it that is cheaper and environmental friendly product.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
1. *Is it possible to make a skin moisturizer out of alugbati stems?
2. *Are there any properties of alugbati stems that can be used as a skin moisturizer?
HYPOTHESIS:
1. It is possible to make a skin moisturizer out of alugbati stems.
2. There are properties of alugbati stems that can be used as a skin moisturizer.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION:
The study limits on the analysis of alugbati stems as a skin moisturizer. The methods of this study were done in the house of the researcher.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
*Demulcent- means to caress, refers to an agent such as oil that forms a soothing film when administered to the surface of mucous membrane.
*emollient-is a substances that soften sooth the skin. They are used to correct dryness and sealing of the skin.
3 Basics actions of emollient:
1. Occlusion- providing a layer of oil on the surface of the skin to slow water loss and this increase the moisture content of the stratum corneum.
2. Humectants- increasing the water holding capacity of the stratum corneum.
3. Lubrication- adding slip or glide across the skin.
*Basella rubra- the scientific name of alugbati plant.
*Glycerin- is a substance that is used in preserving fruits, as a base for lotions and etc.
CHAPTER II
Review of related literature:
Malabar Spinach or Indian Spinach - basella alba, b. rubra, b. cordifolia
Family: Basellaceae
Habit: Frost-tender perennial
Height: 9.0
Malabar Spinach is not really a spinach at all, but the taste is similar and it is better suited to summer growing than real spinach. The large meaty leaves are remarkably spinach-like in flavor and it is very heat tolerant. A vine, it should be planted where it can climb. In fact, it is used very effectively in the agricultural display at the Epcot center. A tropical vine that grows throughout the Orient, malabar is very frost tender. It requires a minimum daytime temperature of 59f (15°c) if it is to keep growing, though it tolerates night temperatures occasionally falling below 50F (10°c ) and low light levels. A well-drained moisture-retentive soil, rich in organic matter, and a warm, sunny, sheltered position are a required. Though it tolerates fairly poor soils, it does much better in a rich sandy loam, preferably with a PH in the range 4.3 to 7. Malabar tolerates high rainfall. It is fast growing. Plants do not flower if the length of daylight is more than 13 hours per day. Widely cultivated for its edible leaves in the tropics, there are some named varieties, but they can all be treated the same.
Seeds can be sown in March or April in a warm greenhouse...68f (20°c), and they will germinate within 10 - 21 days. Pre-soaking the seed for 24 hours in warm water shortens the germination time. The plant can be put outside after the last expected frosts. Stem cuttings can be taken in the late summer, over wintered in a greenhouse, and then be planted out in late spring or early summer.Malabar is extremely problem free except for one type of leaf spot, the same fungus that causes holes in beet leaves. In malabar, it leaves a red-rimmed hole about 1/4 inch in diameter. Keep a sharp eye out for leaf spots, if you see any pick them off and remove from the garden. To discourage the fungus, practice good garden sanitation and rotate your crops. Hot weather favors the disease though the spores are able to over winter on leaves in the garden so remove old malabar leaves!
www.sd1new.net/GardenPages/spinach.htm
glycerin
Glycerin is a neutral, sweet-tasting, colorless, thick liquid which freezes to a gummy paste and which has a high boiling point. Glycerin can be dissolved into water or alcohol, but not oils. On the other hand, many things will dissolve into glycerin easier than they do into water or alcohol. So it is a good solvent.
Glycerin is also highly "hygroscopic" which means that it absorbs water from the air. Example: if you left a bottle of pure glycerin exposed to air in your kitchen, it would take moisture from the air and eventually, it would become 80 per glycerin and 20 percent water.
Because of this hygroscopic quality, pure, 100 percent glycerin placed on the tongue may raise a blister, since it is dehydrating. Diluted with water, however, it will soften your skin. (Note: While people say this softening is the result of the glycerin attracting moisture to your skin, there is heated debate as to whether or not the glycerin has some other properties all its own which are helpful to the skin. Summed up, the current thinking is "We know glycerin softens the skin. Some people think its because it attracts moisture, but there could be other reasons.")
Emollient
are substances that soften and soothe the skin. They are used to correct dryness and scaling of the skin. They are a key component in the manufacture of lipstick, lotions, and other cosmetic products.The terms "moisturizer" (something that adds moisture) and "emollient" (something that softens) are sometimes used interchangeably, as they describe different effects of these agents on the skin. However, the term emollient is most often used to describe single ingredients, whereas "moisturizer" describes finished products.
Some side effects of these include rashes, added dryness, swelling of the skin, and skin breakage.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emollient CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A). Materials and equipments:
The researcher used clean containers, stainer, mortar and pestle, graduated cylinder, 250g. of alugbati stem, glycerin, perfume oil and balance beam.
B).Procedure
1. Washing the alugbati stem and sterilizing the containers to
be use.
2. Peeling the skin of the stem of alugbati using knifes or hands.
3. Pounding 250g.of the stem of the alugbati using mortar and
pestle.
4. After pounding add 5ml. of water to dilute and separate the
sticky extract from the stem. Then pound it again.
5. Squeezing or straining the stem to separate the extract and
the stem.
6. Storing inside a clean container, closing it and setting
aside.
7. Adding glycerin and perfume oil.
8. Applying the product to a dry skin. Observing what happened.
CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
| Persons who applied the product | Conditions of the skin before applying | Conditions of the skin after applying |
| 1 2 | Slightly dry Slightly dry | Soften and moisturized Soften and moisturized |
| 3 | dry | Soften and moisturized |
| 4 | Slightly dry | Soften and moisturized |
| 5 | dry | Soften and moisturized |
| 6 | dry | Soften and moisturized |
| 7 | Dry | Soften and moisturized |
| 8 | dry | Soften and moisturized |
| 9 | Slightly dry | Soften and moisturized |
The researcher waited for how many minutes and recorded the observation and has observed that after using the alugbati moisturizer, the users’ skin became smooth and moisturized. The moisturizer slows the water loss of the skin and adds a soothing film to the surface of mucous membrane.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
It is therefore recommended that alugbati plant must be given further study by the concerned authority in order to improve its usefulness as a moisturizer.
The researcher would like to thank the following:
GOD-for giving me the strength to perform this study.
parents-for the financial support in order for me to buy all the materials that are needed in this study.
to my friends who help me on this project.
And to all of those who have contribute in this study that the researcher failed to mention, thank you very much for the support.
